Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is an abbreviation of Wireless Fidelity, which has a set of standards that is used for Local Wireless Network (Wireless Local Area Networks - WLAN), which is based on the IEEE 802.11 specification. Standard specifications of 802.11a or b, g, such as 802.16, is currently in preparation, specifications latest offer much improvement from a wide range of more up to speed transfer.

Wi-Fi originally intended for the use of wireless devices and Local Area Network (LAN), but at this time more used to access the internet. This someone with a computer with a wireless card (wireless card) or personal digital assistant (PDA) to connect to the Internet using the access point (or with a known hotspot) nearby.

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Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)

Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP abbreviated) is a type of cable network that uses the basic material copper, which are not equipped with the internal shield. UTP cable is a type of the most frequently used in the local network (LAN), because the price is low, flexible and performance ditunjukkannya relatively good. In UTP cable, there is an insulation layer that protects the cable from the tension or physical damage, but, unlike cable Shielded Twisted-pair (STP), insulation is not to protect the cable from interference elektromagnetik.
UTP cable has impendansi approximately 100 Ohm, and is available in several categories, which is determined from the ability of the available data transmission such as written in the table below.

Category 1 (Cat1)
Quality of sound analog
Category 2 (Cat2)
Transmitting sound digitally up to 4 megabit per second
Category 3 (Cat3)
Transmitting data digitally to 10 megabit per second
Category 4 (Cat4)
Digital data transmission up to 16 megabit per second
Category 5 (Cat5)
Digital data transmission up to 100 megabit per second
Enhanced Category (Cat5e)Digital data transmission up to 250 megabit per second
Category 6 (Cat6)
Category 7 (Cat7)

In between all the cable, the cable Enhanced Category 5 (Cat5e) and Category 5 (Cat5) UTP cable is the most popular that are used in many network-based technology, Ethernet.

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Definition hub, switch, router

Developing the computer network very quickly. One of the pemicunya is a need to share life tools (devices) and data both on the same location or different locations. Computer network located in the same location with a distance that is not far away called the local computer network (LAN). Topology used in the local network topology is a star. This means that the required one additional tool, called the hub or switch.

Hub Tools atar the computer, all types of communication only be missed by hub. hub is used to form a network of simple (eg just to connect multiple computers in a local IP group) when there is an incoming packet to a port on the hub, then to other ports in the hub of a computer and all connected in the hub can read the same package. While this hub has been abandoned and replaced with a switch. The reason for this replacement is usually because the hub has a data transfer speed slower than the switch. Hub and switch have a data transfer speeds up to 100 Mbps even with the switch has been developed up to 1 Gbps speed.

Switch is a tool that filters / filter, and pass (through the) package that is on a LAN. switcher working on the data link layer (layer 2) and sometimes in the Network Layer (layer 3) based on the OSI reference model layer. so that it can work for any packet protocol. LAN Switch for use in communicating with the network then called in a switched LAN or physical ethernet network with a switched Ethernet LANs.

Router Tool duty to deliver the packet data network. can be used if the router is connected with at least two different networks so that the settings require a router.Router at the gateway is a place where two or more LAN network to connect. Router using HEADERS introduction and a list of tables (Forwarding Table) to determine the best position to deliver a package and also use the network protocol such as ICMP, HTTP to communicate with other LAN configuration with the best route to anywhere between two hosts.

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Modem

Modem comes from the abbreviation MO dulator DEM odulator. Modulator is part of the signal information into the carrier signal (Carrier) and is ready to be sent, while the Demodulator is a separate information signal (which contains the data or message) of the carrier signal (carrier) so that information received can be well received. Modem is a merging both, that means the modem is a two-way communication tool. Each communication device remote two-way general use which is called the "modem", such as VSAT, Microwave Radio, and others, but generally the term modem is known as the Hardware is often used for communication on the computer.

Data from the computer in the digital signal to the modem to be converted to analog signals. Analog signals can be transmitted through several media such as telecommunication telephone and radio.

Arriving at the destination modem, the analog signal is converted into digital signal and sent back to the computer. There are two types of modems are physical, that is an external modem and internal modem.

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Network card

Network card (UK: network interface card or NIC also abbreviated network card) is a card that functions as a bridge from the computer to a network computer.

NIC circulating type, divided into two types, namely a physical NIC, and NIC that is logical. An example of a physical NIC is a NIC Ethernet, Token Ring, and other temporary NIC is a logical Loopback adapter and Dial-up Adapter. Is also known as a Network Adapter. Each type of NIC number given the addresses referred to as the MAC address, which can be static or can be changed by the user.

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About Introduction to Basic Computer Networking

Based on the criteria, the computer network can be divided into 4, namely:

1. Based on the distribution of sources of information / data

- Network center

This network consists of computers and servers klient which klient computer that functions as a mediator to access sources of information / data derived from a single computer server

- Network distribution

Some of the network is a mix so that there is some centralized computer servers that are interconnected with klient establish a network system.

2. Based on the geographic reach can be divided into:

- Network LAN

is a network that connects 2 computers or more in coverage, such as laboratory, office, and 1 in the cafe.

- Network MAN

Is a network that covers a large city and its local area. For example the local phone network, mobile phone systems, network and relay some ISP internet.

- Network WAN

Is a network with coverage throughout the world. For example PT network. Telkom, PT. Indosat, as well as GSM networks such as Cellular Satelindo, Telkomsel, and many more.

3. Based on the role and relationship of each computer in processing data.

- Network Client-Server

On this network there are 1 or more server computers and client computers. Computers that will be a computer server and a client computer and changed through the software on the network protokolnya. The client computer as a mediator to be able to access the data on the server computer while the computer server to provide the information required by the client computer.

Networking-Peer-to-peer

On this network does not have a client computer and server computer because the computer can do all the delivery and reception of information so that all the computer functions as a client at the same time as the server.

4. Based on the media data transmission

- Berkabel Network (Wired Network)

On this network, to connect one computer with another computer needed a cable network operator. Work in the cable network to send information in the form of electrical signals between a computer network.

- Wireless Network (Wireless Network)

Is a network with a medium wave elektromagnetik. On the network is not required to connect a cable between the computer using the wave elektromagnetik that will send the signal information between the computer network.

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